The Price of a Pedigree DOG BREED STANDARDS AND BREED-RELATED ILLNESS The Price of a Pedigree: Dog breed standards and breed-related illness

Contents 1. Introduction: the welfare implications of pedigree dog breed standards 2. Current and future breeding trends 3. The prevalence of breed-related disease and abnormality 4. Breeds affected by hereditary hip and elbow dysplasia 4.1 The British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club hip and elbow dysplasia schemes 4.2 International studies of the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia 5. Breeds affected by inherited eye diseases 5.1 The British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club/ISDS Eye scheme 5.2 Further breed-related eye problems 6. Breeds affected by heart and respiratory disease 6.1 Brachycephalic Upper Airway Syndrome 6.2 Increased risk of heart conditions 7. Breed-related skin diseases 8. Inherited skeletal problems of small and long-backed breeds 8.1 Luxating patella 8.2 Intervertebral disc disease in chondrodystrophoid breeds 9. Bone tumours in large and giant dog breeds 10. Hereditary deafness 11. The Council of Europe and breed standards 11.1 Views of companion animal organisations on dog breeding 12. Conclusions and recommendations Appendix. Scientific assessments of the prevalence of breed-related disorders in pedigree dogs. Tables 1 – 9 and Glossaries of diseases References